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snow chains
Snow chains, or tire chains, are devices fitted to the tires of vehicles to provide maximum traction when driving through snow and ice.
Snow chains attach to the drive wheels of a vehicle or special systems deploy chains which swing under the tires automatically. Although named after steel chain, snow chains may be made of other materials and in a variety of patterns and strengths. Chains are usually sold in pairs and must be purchased to match a particular tire size (tire diameter and tread width). Driving with chains reduces fuel efficiency, and can reduce the allowable speed of the automobile to approximately 50 km/h (30 mph), but increase traction and braking. Some regions require chains to be used under some weather conditions but some areas prohibit the use of chains which can deteriorate road surfaces.
==History==
Snow chains were invented in 1904 by Harry D. Weed in Canastota, New York. Weed received U.S. Patent Number 768495 for his "Grip-Tread for Pneumatic Tires" on August 23, 1904.〔Kane, Joseph Nathan. ''Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries, and Inventions in American History''. 4th ed. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1981. Print.〕 Weed's great-grandson, James Weed, said that Harry got the idea of creating chains for tires when he saw drivers wrap rope, or even vines, around their tires to increase traction on muddy or snowy roads, which were the norm at the turn of the 20th century. He sought to make a traction device that was more durable and would work with snow as well as mud.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://chainquest.com/tire_chains_history.php )〕
In July 1935, the Canadian Auguste Trudeau obtained a patent for his tread and anti-skidding chain.〔(CA 351643 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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